4/1/2023 0 Comments Blood brain barrierThe blood– brain barrier is formed by endothelial cells of the capillary wall, astrocyte end-feet ensheathing the capillary, and pericytes embedded in the capillary basement membrane. However, due to the different cell types involved, this configuration is also more demanding in terms of workload and experimental skills.The blood–brain barrier ( BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents solutes in the circulating blood from non-selectively crossing into the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system where neurons reside. This configuration mimicks the cell arrangement at the neurovascular unit, and allows for interactions between all three cell types. Triple culture: This configuration includes in its most common form endothelial cells seeded on the upper surface of the support, pericytes seeded on the lower surface, and astrocytes seeded on the bottom of the culture wells. A drawback of the configuration is that the two cell types cannot readily be separated in experimental protocols employing Western blotting or transport and accumulation studies. This may allow for direct contact between the opposing cell types. Contact co-culture: Astrocytes (or other cell types) are seeded on the lower surface of the support with endothelial cells on the upper surface. This configuration allows for induction of the endothelium by diffusible factors from the “feeder cells” at the bottom of the well, while the insert can be removed after culture for experiments, which can be performed on endothelial cells only. Non-contact co-culture: The endothelial cells are seeded on the upper surface of the support, while astrocytes (or other cell types, often pericytes) are seeded at the bottom of the culture well. Media may be added astrocyte-conditioned medium to promote growth and differentiation in the absence of the other cell types of the neurovascular unit. Mono-culture: Brain endothelial cells are grown on the upper surface of permeable supports in a two-compartment cell culture system. As an ideal cell culture model of the blood-brain barrier is yet to be developed, we also aim to give an overview of the advantages and drawbacks of the different models described.īlood–brain barrier astrocytes endothelium pericytes stem cells.Ĭommonly used configurations used for culture of brain endothelial cells. In this review, we aim to give an overview of established in vitro blood-brain barrier models with a focus on their validation regarding a set of well-established blood-brain barrier characteristics. Cell culture models, based on either primary cells or immortalized brain endothelial cell lines, have been developed, in order to facilitate in vitro studies of drug transport to the brain and studies of endothelial cell biology and pathophysiology. This "blood-brain barrier" function is a major hindrance for drug uptake into the brain parenchyma. The endothelial monolayer of the brain capillaries serves both as a crucial interface for exchange of nutrients, gases, and metabolites between blood and brain, and as a barrier for neurotoxic components of plasma and xenobiotics. The endothelial cells lining the brain capillaries separate the blood from the brain parenchyma.
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